不同温度条件下褐菖鲇幼鱼的耗氧率和排氨率     

邱成功  徐善良  林少珍  程亮  刘飞 《台湾海峡》2014,(1):84-89

利用静水密闭式呼吸仪,测定了不同温度（10、12、……、30℃）条件下褐菖鼬（Sebastiscus marmoratus）幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率变化．结果表明,温度对幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率均有显著影响（P〈0．05）．温度10～30℃,幼鱼耗氧率、排氨率变化范围分别为0．02～0．30mg／（g·h）和2．64～10．01ug／（g·h）,温度26、16℃时耗氧率和排氨率分别上升至峰值,分别为最小值10℃组的15．00、3．79倍;温度（F）对幼鱼耗氧率R0[mg／（g·h）]和排氨率RN[ug／（g·h）]的影响可分别用多项式表示：R0=-2．00×10^-5 T4＋1．50×10^-3 T3-3．69×10^-2 T2＋0．3978T-1．5376,R2=0．988和RN=3．00×10^-5 T6 -4．00×10^-3 T5＋0．1996 T4-5．1111T3＋70．817T2-501．10T＋1415．80,R2=0．964;幼鱼的氨熵变化范围为0．02～0．19,其蛋白质供能比变化范围为5．64％～56．65％,平均蛋白质供能比为22．56％;各温度跨度代谢率Q10值均值为4．02,18～28℃代谢率Q10值为2．81±0．09与鱼类平均Q10值较接近;各温度跨度组排泄率Q10均值为0．93,对比同一温度跨度组代谢率和排泄率Q10值,代谢率Q10值均大于排泄率Q10值两倍以上,最大组间相差达7倍．因此,幼鱼能量消耗的供能物质以脂肪和碳水化合物为主,蛋白质为辅．此外,温度变化对幼鱼代谢的影响程度明显大于对排泄的影响,且其适宜生长温度为18～28℃．  相似文献   

海洋潮汐浪溅区混凝土表面氯离子浓度计算模型   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

蔡荣  杨绿峰  余波 《海洋工程》2014,32(5):25-33

海洋混凝土结构的表面氯离子浓度反映了海洋氯化物环境的腐蚀作用强度,是海洋混凝土结构耐久性分析和定量设计的重要参数。本文依据国内外不同地区的大量自然暴露试验数据,通过数理统计和回归分析,确定了各种海洋环境条件下表面氯离子浓度的统计特征值,分析了海洋潮汐浪溅区混凝土中氯离子的传输机理和积聚规律,揭示了水胶比对混凝土表面氯离子浓度的影响规律,进而综合考虑水胶比、胶凝材料种类和时变特性等因素的影响,建立了海洋潮汐浪溅区混凝土表面氯离子浓度的改进计算模型。结合国内外各种表面氯离子浓度经验模型的预测结果和海洋自然暴露试验的实测数据,对比验证了所建立表面氯离子浓度计算模型的有效性和适用性,为海洋氯化物环境下混凝土结构的耐久性设计和服役寿命分析提供了重要边界条件。  相似文献   

基于SVI方法的折射波信噪比改善效果研究     

邵宇蓝  李唐律  廖仪  童思友  吴志强 《海洋地质前沿》2014,30(5):52-57

折射波在地震勘探中有非常重要的作用,但由于近地表噪声等因素影响,折射波在地震记录上往往能量较弱,信噪比较低。因此,Bharadwaj、Mallinson等提出了超虚拟折射干涉法(Supervirtual refraction interferometry-SVI),用于提高折射波的信噪比。在此基础上,结合正演模拟数据和实际资料,对该方法的抗噪性以及相关叠加道数、褶积叠加道数等因素对处理效果的影响进行了研究,结果表明,对于信噪比0.2的资料,在满足一定相关叠加道数和褶积叠加道数时,使用本方法后能使信噪比得到显著增强。  相似文献   

南黄海DLC70-3孔晚更新世以来Rb/Zr值特征及环境意义     

梅西  李日辉  张训华 《海洋地质前沿》2014,(2):10-17

利用岩心扫描X荧光光谱仪(XRF Core Scanner)对南黄海DLC70-3孔沉积物进行1cm间隔的元素扫描测试。钻孔沉积物中陆源元素Rb和Zr相对含量垂向变化具有极好的分层性,Rb和Zr相对含量在不同粒级中变化较大,Rb在细粒中的含量较高,而Zr则在粗粒级中富集;Rb/Zr值可以反映沉积物中黏土矿物和石英、长石的相对含量变化。研究认为DLC70-3孔沉积物的Rb/Zr值受到海平面变化和源区气候变化共同控制,其中源区的气候变化为主要控制因素,而海平面变化主要影响26.50~38.00m(MIS 4)层位粗粒级沉积物的Rb/Zr值。Rb/Zr值显示在MIS 5和MIS 3期源区化学风化作用较强,与内陆黄土高原地区夏季风和化学风化指标的变化趋势一致,尤其是在MIS 3早期(40~60ka)记录的化学风化作用非常强,反映了黄河流域地区出现强夏季风降雨过程。  相似文献   

Effects of topography and land use on woody plant species composition and beta diversity in an arid Trans-Himalayan landscape,Nepal   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Shishir Paudel  Ole R. Vetaas 《山地科学学报》2014,11(5):1112-1122

Distribution patterns of plant species are believed to be impacted by small-scale habitat heterogeneity. However, there have been few comparative studies examining how woody vegetation composition and diversity varies with aspects of different orientations in the Trans-Himalayan region at a local scale. Here, we examined the effects of incoming solar radiation on variation in woody species composition and compared the diversity between the northeast- and southwest-facing slopes in a Trans-Himalayan valley of Nepal. We also examined the implicit interactions between slope orientation and land use in determining the compositional variations between the slopes. We selected two pairs of northeast- and southwest-facing slopes where the first pair has a similar land use and differs in exposure only（Pisang site） while the other pair has clear differences in land use in addition to slope exposure（Braka site）. In each site, we sampled 72 plots（36 on each slope） in which the presence and absence of woody species, environmental variables, and disturbance were recorded. Correspondence Analysis（CA） results suggested that the woody species composition significantly varied between northeast- and southwest-facing slopes at both sites, and was significantly correlated with measured environmental variables such as radiation index, altitude, and canopy openness. In the Braka site,mean alpha diversity was significantly higher on southwest-facing slopes. In contrast, beta diversity and gamma diversity were greater on northeast-facing slopes at both sites. Our results suggest that topographic variables（e.g., radiation index） affect species composition between the slopes, likely due to their influence on small scale abiotic environmental variables. However, the effects of land use, such as livestock browsing/grazing may interact with the effects of slope exposure, effectively reducing differences in species composition within slopes but enhancing the differences in beta diversity between contrasting slopes in the Br  相似文献   

改进SFS的月面撞击坑三维恢复算法研究     

徐辛超  徐爱功  刘少创  徐宗秋 《测绘科学》2014,39(9)

为了实现探月二期中单幅影像条件下的月面撞击坑三维地形恢复,文章基于Lommel-Seeliger反射模型,提出了正则化约束的明暗恢复形状(SFS)三维恢复算法,以特征边缘线点的梯度比例作为起算,演化得到撞击坑内部所有点的梯度比例,实现了反射方程的正则化.采用实际月面撞击坑影像和模拟影像验证分析,结果证明本文提出的算法优于Tsai算法,能够有效地实现月面撞击坑地形的三维恢复.  相似文献   

B码应用深入探讨     

戎强  刘铁强  贾杰峰 《全球定位系统》2014,39(4):55-59

在介绍B码构成与原理的基础上,分析了B码时统典型应用实例,针对B码应用中常见的无法跨年和闰秒、B码中断与恢复时存在时间错误、受扰时间跳变、交流B码幅度与调制比受限等问题,提出了B码版本切换与软件跨年及闰秒、强制守时、解码容错、交流B码数控幅度与调制比等解决方法。工程实践表明：这些方法可有效解决B码应用中遇到的对应问题,有效提高了B码时统的稳定性和可用性,具有很好的实用价值。  相似文献   

Sensitivity of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to downscaling ratios and storm types in rainfall simulation     

Jia Liu  Michaela Bray  Dawei Han 《水文研究》2012,26(20):3012-3031

Accurate information of rainfall is needed for sustainable water management and more reliable flood forecasting. The advances in mesoscale numerical weather modelling and modern computing technologies make it possible to provide rainfall simulations and forecasts at increasingly higher resolutions in space and time. However, being one of the most difficult variables to be modelled, the quality of the rainfall products from the numerical weather model remains unsatisfactory for hydrological applications. In this study, the sensitivity of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is investigated using different domain settings and various storm types to improve the model performance of rainfall simulation. Eight 24‐h storm events are selected from the Brue catchment, southwest England, with different spatial and temporal distributions of the rainfall intensity. Five domain configuration scenarios designed with gradually changing downscaling ratios are used to run the WRF model with the ECMWF 40‐year reanalysis data for the periods of the eight events. A two‐dimensional verification scheme is proposed to evaluate the amounts and distributions of simulated rainfall in both spatial and temporal dimensions. The verification scheme consists of both categorical and continuous indices for a first‐level assessment and a more quantitative evaluation of the simulated rainfall. The results reveal a general improvement of the model performance as we downscale from the outermost to the innermost domain. Moderate downscaling ratios of 1:7, 1:5 and 1:3 are found to perform better with the WRF model in giving more reasonable results than smaller ratios. For the sensitivity study on different storm types, the model shows the best performance in reproducing the storm events with spatial and temporal evenness of the observed rainfall, whereas the type of events with highly concentrated rainfall in space and time are found to be the trickiest case for WRF to handle. Finally, the efficiencies of several variability indices are verified in categorising the storm events on the basis of the two‐dimensional rainfall evenness, which could provide a more quantitative way for the event classification that facilitates further studies. It is important that similar studies with various storm events are carried out in other catchments with different geographic and climatic conditions, so that more general error patterns can be found and further improvements can be made to the rainfall products from mesoscale numerical weather models. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Organic carbon fluxes from the upper Yangtze basin: an example of the Longchuanjiang River,China     

X. X. Lu  Siyue Li  Min He  Yue Zhou  Li Li  Alan D. Ziegler 《水文研究》2012,26(11):1604-1616

To investigate the effects of anthropogenic activity, namely, land use change and reservoir construction, on particulate organic carbon (POC) transport, we collected monthly water samples during September 2007 to August 2009 from the Longchuanjiang River to understand seasonal variations in the concentrations of organic carbon species and their sources and the yield of organic and inorganic carbon from the catchment in the Upper Yangtze basin. The contents of riverine POC, total organic carbon and total suspended sediment (TSS) changed synchronously with water discharge, whereas the contents of dissolved organic carbon had a small variation. The POC concentration in the suspended sediment decreased non‐linearly with increasing TSS concentration. Higher molar C/N ratio of particulate organic matter (average 77) revealed that POC was dominated by terrestrially derived organic matter in the high flows and urban wastewaters in the low flows. The TSS transported by this river was 2.7 × 10⁵ t/yr in 2008. The specific fluxes of total organic carbon and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) were 5.6 and 6 t/km²/yr, respectively, with more than 90% in the high flow period. A high carbon yield in the catchment of the upper Yangtze was due to human‐induced land use alterations and urban wastes. Consistent with most rivers in the monsoon climate regions, the dissolved organic carbon–POC ratio of the export flux was low (0.41). Twenty‐two percent (0.9 t/km²/yr) of POC out of 4 t/km²/yr was from autochthonous production and 78% (3.1 t/km²/yr) from allochthonous production. The annual sediment load and hence the organic carbon flux have been affected by environmental alterations of physical, chemical and hydrological conditions in the past 50 years, demonstrating the impacts of human disturbances on the global and local carbon cycling. Finally, we addressed that organic carbon flux should be reassessed using adequate samples (i.e. at least two times in low‐flow month, four times in high‐flow month and one time per day during the flood period), daily water discharge and sediment loads and appropriate estimate method. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Multidimensional GPR array processing using Kirchhoff migration   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mark L. Moran  Roy J. Greenfield  Steven A. Arcone  Allan J. Delaney 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2000,43(2-4)

We compare the ability of several practical ground-penetrating radar (GPR) array processing methods to improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), increase depth of signal penetration, and suppress out-of-plane arrivals for data with SNR of roughly 1. The methods include two-dimensional (2-D) monostatic, three-dimensional (3-D) monostatic, and 3-D bistatic Kirchhoff migration. The migration algorithm is modified to include the radiation pattern for interfacial dipoles. Results are discussed for synthetic and field data. The synthetic data model includes spatially coherent noise sources that yield nonstationary signal statistics like those observed in high noise GPR settings. Array results from the model data clearly indicate that resolution and noise suppression performance increases as array dimensionality increases. Using 50-MHz array data collected on a temperate glacier (Gulkana Glacier, AK), we compare 2-D and 3-D monostatic migration results. The data have low SNR and contain reflections from a complex, steeply dipping bed. We demonstrate that the glacier bed can only be accurately localized with the 3-D array. In addition, we show that the 3-D array increases SNR (relative to a 2-D array) by a factor of three.  相似文献